The menstrual cycle is a vital biological process in people with a uterus, marking the foundation of reproductive health. It is a monthly cycle, typically spanning 28 days, though it may vary from 21 to 35 days. The cycle has four primary phases: menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Each phase is influenced by hormonal changes, primarily involving estrogen and progesterone.
Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining, characterized by bleeding that lasts 3–7 days. The follicular phase follows, where follicles in the ovaries mature. Midway, ovulation occurs as a mature egg is released, making this the peak fertility window. Lastly, the luteal phase prepares the body for a possible pregnancy; if none occurs, the cycle resets.
Although natural, menstruation can cause physical and emotional symptoms like cramps or mood swings. Maintaining menstrual hygiene and seeking medical advice when irregularities occur is essential for overall well-being.
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